BUDAYA DAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI PERTAHANAN YANG ADAPTIF DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN STRATEGIS

Abstract

The rapidly evolving, complex, dynamic, and multidimensional nature of the strategic defense environment demands high adaptability from defense organizations. Advancements in artificial intelligence, unmanned systems, cyber threats, disinformation, information and cognitive warfare, and hybrid conflicts are transforming the character of the operational environment, requiring military organizations to make continuous adjustments. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of adaptive defense organization culture and behavior, the roles of leadership, organizational learning, and innovation, as well as the inhibiting and supporting factors and strategies for strengthening defense organizations in the face of a changing strategic environment. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing a literature review of 15 scientific publications issued between 2021 and 2025. The analysis involved identification, selection, classification, content analysis, and literature synthesis. The findings indicate that organizational culture is a crucial factor influencing the military's ability to embrace change, develop cognitive flexibility, adopt technology, and innovate. An adaptive defense organization does not abandon fundamental military characteristics—such as discipline, hierarchy, loyalty, integrity, cohesion, and professionalism—but rather integrates them with openness, learning, communication, innovation, collaboration, and flexibility of thought. Adaptive leadership plays a pivotal role in steering change, managing resistance, and fostering an environment conducive to learning. Therefore, strengthening adaptive defense organizations requires a systemic approach that integrates organizational culture, personnel behavior, leadership, education and training, organizational learning, technology utilization, and continuous innovation.

Keywords: organizational culture, organizational behavior, defense organization, adaptation, adaptive leadership, organizational learning, TNI AD (Indonesian Army).